Photovoltaics

Pod redakcją:Konstanty Marszałek

Autorzy/Autorki:Konstanty Marszałek, Katarzyna Dyndał, Gabriela Lewińska, Jerzy Sanetra

Afiliacja autorów:AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications

Wydawca:Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. St. Staszica w Krakowie

Data publikacji:2021

Recenzja: dr hab. inż. Mariusz Filipowicz, prof. AGH
dr hab. Jacek Nizioł, prof. AGH

ISBN:978-83-963036-0-8

1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction

2. Environmental-climatic aspects

2.1 Solar energy reaching the Earth's surface

2.2 Solar spectrum

2.3 The geographical aspects of the solar radiation

2.4 Daily variations in solar energy

3. The background of photovoltaics

3.1 The beginning of photovoltaics

3.2 Photovoltaics at the turn of the 20th and 21st century

3.3 Physical properties of materials used in photovoltaics

3.4 The p-n junction

3.5 Physical fundamentals of solar energy conversion to electricity

3.6 Photovoltaic cell parameters

3.7 Cell's model

4. Components of a cell structure

4.1 Photovoltaic cell structure components

4.2 Metallic electrodes

4.3 Transparent and conductive electrodes

4.4 Antireflective layers

4.5 Passivation layers

5. Photovoltaic cells generations

5.1 Classification of photovoltaic cells

5.2 Changes in conversion efficiency

5.3 Silicon cells

5.3.1 Monocrystalline silicon production

5.3.2 Production of polycrystalline silicon

5.4 Thin-film cells

5.5 Multi-junction cells

5.10 Concentrator photovoltaics

6. Cell technologies

6.1 Busbar cells

6.2 PERL cells

6.3 Interdigitated Back Contact cells

6.4 Smartwires cells

6.5 HIT technology cells

6.6 Thin-film photovoltaic cells

6.7 PERC and PERT type PV cells

7. Photovoltaic modules

7.1 Photovoltaic modules

7.2 Photovoltaic modules technologies

7.3 Photovoltaic modules made of PERC technology

7.4 Half-cut modules

7.5 Bifacial modules

7.6 PVT systems

8. Cell and modules parameters

8.1 Measurement of cell parameters

8.2 Simulation of cell parameters changes using PC1D software

8.3 Temperature dependence of cell parameters

8.4 Module parameters measurements

9. Photovoltaic systems

9.1 Off-grid photovoltaic systems

9.2 On-grid photovoltaic systems

9.3 Ground mount installations

9.4 Floating installations

9.5 Tracking systems

9.6 Portable installations - everyday objects

9.7 Portable installations - vehicles

10. Inverters

10.1 Inverters functions

10.2 Inverters classification

10.3 Inverters selection methods

11. Electricity storage

11.1 Energy storage methods

11.2 Accumulators

11.3 Compressed air tanks

11.4 Liquid gas tanks

12. Computer-aided design of PV installations

12.1 PV simulation programs

12.2 PV*SOL software for system planning

12.2.1 3D objects design

12.2.2 PV plant design

12.2.3 PV plant efficiency

12.3 Polysun designing of PV installation

13. Connection of a power plant to the grid

13.1 Legal rules concerning the connection of power plants

13.2 Connection of a power plant to the grid

13.3 Lightning protection systems

14. Assembly of a photovoltaic system

14.1 Assembly requirements

14.2 Ground mount and flat roof installation assembly

14.2.1 Ground mount and flat roof installation assembly without ballast

14.2.2 Ground mount and flat roof installation assembly with ballast

14.2.3 Self-supporting PV systems

14.3 Assembly of a PV on a pitched roof

14.4 Assembly of PV tracking system

15. Panels and PV installation tests

15.1 Photovoltaic installation control

15.2 Testing a new installation

15.3 Selection and verification of modules for testing

15.4 Module strings functioning accuracy tests

15.5 Hail test

15.6 Mechanical static load on module test

15.7 Electroluminescence tests

16. Photovoltaic systems damage

16.1 Types of damage in PV installations

16.2 Hot spots

16.3 Delamination

16.4 Cracks and micro-cracks in PV cells

16.5 Connector and junction box defects

16.6 Glass cracks

16.7 Corrosion of TCO layer in amorphous silicon cells

16.8 Potential Induced Degradation (PID)

16.9 Technology markers on cell edges

17. Economic aspects of photovoltaics

17.1 Photovoltaic installation costs

17.2 Module prices

17.3 Installations development in Poland

17.4 Installations development in Europe

17.5 Installations development in the World

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Fotowoltaika